Shaper Machine In Details || Definition ||Parts Of Shaper Machine|| And Its Componets

 Study about shaper machine definition and parts

Definition

            The shaper machine is a reciprocating type of machine basically used for producing the horizontal, vertical or flat surfaces.
    
Shaper Machine
  • The shaper holds the single point cutting tool in ram and workpiece is fixed in the table.

  • During the forward stroke, the ram is holding the tool is reciprocating over the workpiece to cut into the required shape.

  • During the return stroke, No metal is cutting.

  • In the shaper machine, the rotary motion of the drive is converted into reciprocating motion of ram holding the tool.

  • Therefore in order to reduce the total machine time, It allows the ram holding the tool should move slower during forwarding cutting stroke and it comes faster in return stroke.

  • This can be achieved by a mechanism called a quick return mechanism.



Parts of Shaper Machine

The following are the main parts of shaper machine:

1. Base

2. Column

3. Cross-rail

4. Table

5. Ram


Base :

  • The base is the necessary bed or support required for all machines tools.

  • The base is hollow casting made of cast iron to resist vibration and on which all parts of the shaper are mounted.

  • It is so designed that is can take up the entire load of the machine and the forces set up by cutting tool over the work.

Column :

  • This is made of cast iron, which is a box-like and is mounted on the base.

  •  two accurately machined guideways are provided on the top of the column on which the ram reciprocates.

  • The column acts as a cover to the drive mechanism and also supports the reciprocating ram and the worktable.

Cross-rail :

  •  Cross rail is mounted on the front vertical surface of the column on which saddle is mounted.

  • The vertical movement is given to the table by raising or lowering the cross rail using the elevating screw.

  • The horizontal movement is given to the table by moving the saddle using the cross feed screw.

Table :

  • The table is bolted to the saddle and receives crosswise and vertical movements from saddle cross rail.

  • T-bolts are used for clamping on top and sides.


  •  The table can be swiveled at any required angle.

  •  In a universal shaper, the table may be swiveled on a horizontal axis and the upper part of the table may be fitted up or down.

  •  In heavier type shaper the table clamped with table support to make it more rigid.

Ram :

  •  The ram reciprocates on the column guideways and carries the tool head with a single-point cutting tool.

  •  the tool head is in the clapper box, which causes cutting action only in a forward stroke of the ram and sliding movement of the tool in the reverse stroke of the ram.

  • the depth of cut or feed of the tool is given by down feed screw.

  • The tool head has swivel base degree graduations, which helps to move the tool head to any desired inclination for machining inclined surfaces on the workpieces

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